DO YOU KNOW THE REAL MEANING OF THE CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS?
THE CHRISTMAS TREE
A pine tree had once been sacred to the deity Attis and the Great Mother of Gods, Cybele, in the cult brought to Rome from Phrygia in 204 BC. To celebrate the god devotees hung gold and silver ornaments upon a pine tree, placed the image of a sacred bird in its branches and left sacrificial gifts beneath it. Evergreens were also seen as symbols of rebirth and as protective charms against the machinations of evil forces. In particular, the Yuletide Tree was sacred to the Teutonic god Woden as a symbol of eternal life.
In the 8th century, St Boniface, who for a time lived at Nursling near Romsey in Hampshire, is said to have adopted the fir tree as a symbol of the new Christian faith to replace the Druid sacred oak. In the 15th century the tree was hung with small white wafers representing the Eucharist which were later cut into the shape of stars, angels, hearts, flowers and bells and garlands of paper roses were strung across the tree's branches. Martin Luther, leader of the Reformation movement in the 16th century, was the first to introduce light to decorate it.
But it was not until 1840 that Prince Albert introduced the custom to Britain from Germany and soon the Victorian public were mimicking their royal family's decorations. It was an instant success.
MISTLETOE
Kissing under the Mistletoe was an ancient Druid rite. Known as the 'Golden Bough' of ancient times mistletoe figures in many superstitions and beliefs world-wide. It symbolised the life essence and rebirth and it was believed its magical properties could be preserved only by cutting with a golden knife. Because of its heathen background, mistletoe, even today, is not permitted to be used in church decorations.
HOLLY AND IVY
The pagans believed that holly had amazing protective powers and a large bunch was traditionally hung in doorways. The Romans used evergreen ivy – the symbol of everlasting life – to decorate their homes and temples.
YULETIDE LOGS
Nowadays the tradition of the Yuletide Log persists as a decorative cake but its symbolism dates back to the days of the old fire rituals of the Norsemen. A heavy log of oak would be ceremoniously brought into the house, placed on the hearth and set alight from the previous year's log. This was a symbolic representation of the rebirth of the sun's power at the Winter Solstice.
THE TWELVE DAYS OF CHRISTMAS
In the Middle Ages the Christmas festivities lasted from Christmas Eve to January 6th. A popular game in the Tudor times was that of the cumulative rhyme that we still sing today. During the 12 day period of partying the church bells would toll for the death of the old year and joyfully peal in the New Year.
FATHER CHRISTMAS
For any child the most important tradition of Christmas is seen in the jolly figure of Father Christmas. In the past the giving of gifts was done on December 6th in memory of Saint Nicholas who secretly placed small gifts in the shoes of children. He is the patron saint of youth, scholars, merchants, sailors, travellers and thieves! In the reign of Henry VIII the tradition of present giving was knocked on the head as it was considered that this reverent event was being taken as an excuse for riotous behaviour. However, so as not to upset the children, the giving of presents was moved to Christmas Day instead.
Santa Claus is an American corruption of the name St Nicholas. In 1931, The Coca-Cola Company commissioned a young Swedish artist, Haddon Sundblom, to design a Santa Claus to market their products. To quote their press information they wanted to "create a jolly, warm character to reflect the same qualities associated with Coca-Cola- warmth, fun, joy and sparkling celebration."
Sundblom's Santa is the one we know today dressed in a lavish red costume with white fur trim, with a billowing beard, ample waistline and huge belt. Santa Claus is a fitting symbol to illustrate how December 25th's imagery has evolved: from pagan ritual to Christian Festival to strategically planned Xmas marketing campaign.
